中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
“劳模”情结在心灵深处开花——评水运宪长篇小说《戴花》****** 作者:李掖平(山东师范大学教授) 水运宪的长篇小说《戴花》(湖南文艺出版社2022年10月出版),秉持现实主义文学的审美价值取向,紧扣当下社会生活砥砺前行、搏击进取的现实律动,历史视域、社会角度、个人生命体验错综交织,正德大义的庄重言说与雅俗共赏的生动表达有机结合,通过一个普通工人竭尽一生全力以赴争当劳模的故事文本,书写了一曲中国机械工业不断走向强盛的时代壮歌。小说聚焦某高校机械制造专业的一批大学生分配到德华电机制造总厂参加工作的历史事件,多维度地再现了二十世纪六七十年代基层普通工人任劳任怨干工作、争先恐后当劳模、孜孜以求钻研技术革新的曲折历程,从中国电机制造工业技术革新的一个侧面,钩沉出中华民族在困厄中破旧立新、求变图强、砥砺拼搏的历史发展逻辑,进而构建起一个兼具广度、力度和深度的宏大主题。《戴花》将潜藏在故事情节和人物性格中的中华民族“英雄情结”的历史基因、文化血统和蓬勃向上“精气神”生动可信地呈现出来,深刻揭示中国工业强劲发展的合理性与必然性,充分敞开了一部现实主义力作的史诗性价值与意义。 工人劳模 林笑初绘 《戴花》采取的是一种由一条主线勾连起多条副线的拧绳式框架结构。叙述主线始终沿着“我”(杨哲民)和师傅莫正强之间的工作、生活和师徒关系的叙述路向,讲述莫师傅孜孜以求争当劳模的故事。而包括“我”和同学们的友情、“我”和姜红梅的爱情、同学们之间发生的各种事件、段一村和吴启军的师徒关系、师傅莫正强的家庭生活、师傅与许多人的或交好或纠结或误解或抵触的复杂关系等多条叙述副线,则沿着“花开数朵、各表一枝”的轨迹,以或顺序、或倒叙、或插叙、或碎片拼贴的方式向前推进。这种多线索、多层次此起彼伏的交叉描写,始终紧扣各种矛盾冲突、紧贴人性内在肌理有条不紊地展开,既强化了小说文本杂树生花、起伏跌宕的故事性,又敞开了前有伏笔、后有照应的可读性和感染力。情节的推进并不过多依靠大起大落的陡转,却以生活、生产、爱情等日常细节的细腻刻画,有效触发了读者因真实生动而心生敬意的同频共情。事件和场景的描述具有鲜明的画面感,人物对话富有鲜明的时代特色,又洋溢着鲜活的日常生活气息,也不乏朴素遒劲、外简内丰的古典神韵。 小说对莫正强形象的塑造,不是按照对英雄人物进行高度提纯的类型化模板展开的,而是紧扣作为一个普通工人的莫师傅倾尽全力“当劳模”的执着心念和执拗性格,以扁平性和立体性互融互衬的手法,既多角度地写出了其心底纯粹、敦厚善良、真诚待人的优良品性,亦不回避其时而显露出的一些小卖弄、小表演、小狡黠甚至小虚伪等缺点。一方面,为当劳模,身为车间主任的莫师傅以工厂为家,以诚相待车间工友和徒弟,抢干重活儿、累活儿、脏活儿,虽然一连几年与劳模荣誉擦肩而过,仍然不气馁、不泄劲,一如既往地埋头苦干,每逢节假日就主动申请加班值班,不辞辛苦、不计报酬,拼出了一身病也毫无怨言,直到最后倒在车间的“冲天炉”前,以“点……点火”的嘶哑吼叫定格了生命的最后一刻。另一方面,为当劳模,莫师傅也时常闹出一些高调摆姿态、可笑又可爱的小把戏,如为引起厂领导和其他车间工友对他连早饭都顾不得吃就到车间来干活之事的关注,他故意让妻子连续几天大张旗鼓地到车间来送早饭,边走边大声埋怨“这个死东西清早就往车间跑,早饭也不吃”。为增强自己的良好形象,他想营造家庭和睦的氛围,而妻子恰好正在和他闹矛盾甚至叫嚷要离婚,他就软硬兼施动员“我”去当说客,力劝师母别在评劳模的关键时刻“掉链子”。他甚至还做过一件偷钱的错事:当市里已通过他的申报材料,要派出验收组来车间和家里考察时,他竟然鬼使神差地偷拿了一位工友的十元钱。按理说这事儿谁都不知道,而且还已全部送还,可莫师傅却始终过不去这道心坎,觉得自己做了一件丢人丢脸的丑事。于是在验收会即将结束、验收组负责人宣布“莫正强同志已正式确定为我们全市的劳动模范”时,莫师傅却突然坦白自己曾偷过钱这件事,并声明自己没脸要这个劳模称号,致使即将到手的劳模殊荣再次泡汤。大家都埋怨他太实在、对自己太苛刻,莫师傅却说,他要争当的劳模必须是干干净净的,不当众说出自己这件丑事心里不踏实。尽管莫师傅直到生命终结也没当上劳模(小说结尾处提示,莫师傅被追授为全市劳动模范),但其不忘初心、敬业爱岗的人格华彩却是那般的灼目闪亮。 正是这种具有鲜明现实指向性与写真纪实意义的描写,契合人情、人心、人性的内在肌理,滤掉了粗简的直白和浮夸的修饰,剔除了影响文学性的所有泥沙,既真实可信又接地气,使读者深切感受到德华电机厂这片文学“风景”中的灵魂跃动与人性交响,标识出作者塑造人物手法的多样性和纯粹白描手法背后的深厚文学功力。 作者对人物塑造欲扬先抑手法的娴熟运用,撑开了小说引人入胜的艺术张力。《戴花》明明是对莫师傅和以莫师傅为代表的普通工人群体的赞颂,却并未从开始就对其一路褒扬,而是首先从相反的贬抑处落笔。先写“我”对师傅的失望与不满,嫌弃他从相貌到气质都乏善可陈:“两只眼袋下面长着胡须。”“胡子很稀疏,东一撮西一撮胡乱生长。而且黑少白多,灰不溜秋就跟从来没用肥皂洗过似的。”说话絮叨且口气难闻,似乎从来不刷牙。尽管师傅对收“我”为徒颇为自豪,亲切地称为“民儿”,“我”心里却很是不屑和疏远。后来在日常工作中,师傅为人的善良坦荡、心地的干净纯洁和对工作的兢兢业业,使“我”逐渐感受到其人品和性格的内在魅力,进而愿意和他亲近,愿意追随他勤奋努力,最终从心底深处生发出对他的真诚爱戴与礼敬。其他人物也大都是采用欲扬先抑手法塑造完成的。“我”对师傅的情感形成起伏跌宕的鲜明对比,表征出“文似看山不喜平”的艺术蓄势手法之魅力。 《光明日报》( 2023年01月11日 14版) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |